Metlakase e Phahameng, e Mahareng, e Tlase, le e Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa e Aroloa Joang Litsamaisong tsa Matla?

Ho hlophisoa ha maemo a motlakase lits'ebetsong tsa motlakase ke habohlokoa ho netefatsa phetiso, kabo le polokeho ea matla ka katleho. Mekhahlelo ea motlakase e khetholla hore na motlakase o tsamaisoa joang ho pholletsa le li-grid, e leka-lekanngoa bakeng sa bokhoni ba tekheniki le moruo, 'me e fetotsoe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng. Sengoloa sena se hlahloba litekanyetso le maemo a laolang lihlopha tsena, ka ho shebana lemotlakase o phahameng (HV),motlakase o mahareng (MV),motlakase o tlase (LV)leMotlakase o phahameng haholo (UHV).

1. Mekhoa ea ho Hlophisa Voltage.

Maemo a motlakase a hlalosoa haholo-holo kemaemo a motlakase(mohlala, IEC, IEEE, melaoana ea naha) lelitlhoko tsa ts'ebetso, ho kenyeletsoa:

• .Sebaka sa phetisetso: Metlakase e phahameng e fokotsa tahlehelo ea matla libakeng tse telele.
• .Bokgoni ba matla: Metlakase e phahameng e nolofalletsa phetisetso e kholoanyane ea matla.
• .Moralo oa lisebelisoa: Ho thibela mocheso, ho phodisa le ho tšoarella ha thepa ho itshetlehile ka kgatello ya motlakase.
• .Sebopeho sa gridi: Maemo a motlakase a tsamaellana le tatellano ya gridi (moloko → phetiso → kabo).

.2. Litlhaloso tsa Boemo ba Motlakase.

.Motlakase o Tlase (LV)​.

• .Sebaka: ≤1,000 V (AC) kapa ≤1,500 V (DC).
• .Likopo:

• Phepelo ea motlakase ea matlo le ea khoebo (mohlala, 220V/380V Chaena, 120V/240V Amerika Leboea).
• Lisebelisoa tse nyane, mabone le mechini ea indasteri.
  • .Likarolo tsa Bohlokoa:
• E hokahanya basebelisi ba ho qetela ka kotloloho.
• E hloka ho thibela mocheso o fokolang ka lebaka la khatello e tlase.

.Motlakase o Mahareng (MV)​.

• .Sebaka: 1 kV ho isa ho 35 kV (e fapana ho ya ka sebaka).

• Chaena: 10 kV–35 kV.
• Yuropa: 11 kV–20 kV.
  • .Likopo:
• Kabo ea litoropo le ea indasteri.
• Mehala ea phepelo e hokahanyang liteishene tse nyane le marang-rang a LV.
  • .Likarolo tsa Bohlokoa:
• Ho leka-lekanya bokgoni le polokeho bakeng sa phetiso ya sebaka se mahareng.
• E sebelisa likhoele kapa lithapo tse ka holimo tse nang le insulation e itekanetseng.

.Motlakase o Phahameng (HV)​.

• .Sebaka: 35 kV ho isa ho 220 kV.
• .Likopo:

• Phetisetso ea libaka lipakeng tsa metse.
• Phano ea motlakase ka bongata ho tloha lifemeng tsa motlakase ho ea liteisheneng tse nyane.
  • .Likarolo tsa Bohlokoa:
• E hloka litsamaiso tse matla tsa ho thibela mocheso le ho pholisa.
• E tšehetsa phallo ea motlakase ho feta 100–500 km.

.Motlakase o Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa (UHV)​.

• .LE UHV: ≥1,000 kV.
• .DC UHV: ≥±800 kV.
• .Likopo:

• Likhoro tsa eneji tse tšelang kontinente (mohlala, mola oa AC oa China oa 1,100 kV).
• Phetiso e telele, e nang le bokgoni bo phahameng (mohlala, 2,000–3,000 km).
  • .Likarolo tsa Bohlokoa:
• E fokotsa tahlehelo ea phetisetso ho
• E nolofalletsa ho kopanngoa ha matla a tsosolositsoeng (mohlala, mapolasi a letsatsi mahoatateng).

.3. Mehopolo ea Botekgeniki le ea Ts'ebetso.

.Tataiso ea Khetho ea Voltage.

• .Li-transformer tse nyolohang ka mehatoLitsing tsa motlakase, eketsa motlakase ho HV/UHV bakeng sa phetiso.
• .Li-transformer tse theohelang fatšeLiteisheneng tse nyenyane ba fokotsa motlakase ho MV/LV bakeng sa basebelisi ba ho qetela.
• .Ho mamella gridi: Li-voltage tse phahameng li hloka litsamaiso tse tsoetseng pele tsa tšireletso (mohlala, li-circuit breaker, li-surge arresters).

.Tšusumetso ea Moruo le Tikoloho.

• .Bokgoni ba ditjeo: Mehala ea UHV e na le matla a fetang 4–5× ho feta mehala ea 500 kV, e leng se fokotsang litšenyehelo tsa meralo ea motheo ka yuniti.
• .Tšebeliso ea mobu: Likhorido tsa UHV li nka sebaka se senyenyane ho feta mela e mengata e bapileng ea motlakase o tlase.
• .Phokotso ea khabone: Phetiso e sebetsang hantle e tšehetsa ho amoheloa ha matla a nchafatsoang.

.4. Liphetoho tsa Lefatše ka Bophara ho Maemo a Motlakase.

Leha maemo a IEC a fana ka moralo, mekhoa ea naha ea fapana:

• .Chaena:

• UHV AC: 1,000 kV; DC: ± 800 kV (mohlala, mohala oa Xiangjiaba-Shanghai).
• MV: 10 kV–35 kV.
  • .Yuropa:
• HV: 110 kV–220 kV; UHV: 380 kV (AC) le ±500 kV (DC).
  • .amerika e leboea:
• HV: 69 kV–230 kV; UHV: 500 kV (AC) le ±800 kV (DC).

.5. Mekhoa ea Nakong e Tlang.

• .Li-grid tse bohlale: Ho kopanngoa ha IoT bakeng sa ho lekola motlakase ka nako ea sebele.
• .Li-microgrid tsa DC: Tšebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea DC lits'ebetsong tsa MV/LV bakeng sa kopanyo e nchafatsoang.
• .Lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele: Li-superconductor tse nang le mocheso o phahameng bakeng sa phetiso e sa lahleheng.

.Qetello.

Ho hlophisoa ha motlakase ho netefatsa phallo e se nang sekoli ea matla ho tloha molokong o mong ho ea ho o mong. Leha motlakase o tlase le o mahareng o beha phihlello pele, motlakase o phahameng le o phahameng haholo o nolofalletsa ho hola le ho sebetsa hantle. Ha li-grid li ntse li fetoha ho ea ho tsamaiso ea libaka le botsitso, maemo a motlakase a tla tsoela pele ho ikamahanya le maemo, a leka-lekanya matla a tekheniki le tlhokomelo ea tikoloho.